Admission Test GRE-Verbal

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Admission Test GRE-Verbal 試験シラバストピック:

Admission Test Section One : Verbal 認定 GRE-Verbal 試験問題：

1. In the United States, the extent of adult illiteracy at the workplace has been obscured by adequate
employment for adults with few or no literacy skills, too-simple definitions of literacy, faulty survey
methods, and a stigma associated with illiteracy that keeps many people from admitting illiteracy or
seeking help in overcoming it. With today's increasingly rapid technological advances and increased
foreign competition, however, U.S. businesses are growing more and more aware of the extent and the
costs of illiteracy in the work force. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics warns that the U.S. labor-force
entrants in the years ahead may not have the skills that employers need-that new jobs in the service
industries, where most job growth is projected to occur, will demand much higher literacy skill levels than
today's service jobs, and few new jobs will be created for those who cannot read and follow directions, fill
out forms and communicate by e-mail with coworkers, and perform simple arithmetical computations
applying the basic rules of mathematics.
It can be inferred from the passage that

A) workplace literacy programs are generally ineffective
B) government projections about the future job market are unreliable
C) solving workplace problems usually requires face-to-face communication
D) adding numbers is a type of literacy skill
E) workers today should learn to speak more than one language

2. INSULATE:

A) expose
B) combine
C) restrict
D) dampen
E) reflect

3. The Galapagos Islands are in the Pacific Ocean, off the western coast of South America.
They are a rocky, lonely spot, but they are also one of the most unusual places in the world. One reason is
that they are the home of some of the last giant tortoises left on earth. Weighing hundreds of pounds,
these tortoises, or land turtles, wander slowly around the rocks and sand of the islands. Strangely, each of
these islands has its own particular kinds of tortoises. There are seven different kinds of tortoises on the
eight islands, each kind being slightly different from the other. Hundreds of years ago, thousands of
tortoises wandered around these islands. However, all that changed when people started landing there.
When people first arrived in 1535, their ships had no refrigerators. This meant that fresh food was always
a problem for the sailors on board.
The giant tortoises provided a solution to this problem. Ships would anchor off the islands, and crews
would row ashore and seize as many tortoises as they could. Once the animals were aboard the ship, the
sailors would roll the tortoises onto their backs. The tortoises were completely helpless once on their
backs, so they could only lie there until used for soups and stews. Almost 100,000 tortoises were carried
off in this way. The tortoises faced other problems, too. Soon after the first ships, settlers arrived bringing
pigs, goats, donkeys, dogs and cats. All of these animals ruined life for the tortoises.
Donkey and goats ate all the plants that the tortoises usually fed on, while the pigs. Dogs and cats
consumed thousands of baby tortoises each year. Within a few years, it was hard to find any tortoise
eggs-or even any baby tortoises. By the early 1900s, people began to worry that the last of the tortoises
would soon die out. No one, however, seemed to care enough to do anything about the problem. More
and more tortoises disappeared, even though sailors no longer needed them for food. For another fifty
years, this situation continued. Finally, in the 1950s, scientist decided that something must be done. The
first part of their plan was to get rid of as many cats, dogs and other animals as they could.
Next, they tried to make sure that more baby tortoises would be born. To do this, they started looking for
wild tortoise eggs. They gathered the eggs and put them in safe containers. When the eggs hatched, the
scientists raised the tortoises in special pens. Both the eggs and tortoises were numbered so that the
scientists knew exactly which kinds of tortoises they had-and which island they came from. Once the
tortoises were old enough and big enough to take care of themselves, the scientists took them back to
their islands and set them loose. This slow, hard work continues today, and, thanks to it, the number of
tortoises is now increasing every year.
When did people start to do something to save the tortoises?

A) in the 1960s
B) in the 1500s
C) in the 1400s
D) in the early 1900s
E) in the 1950s

4. Radiative forcings are changes imposed on the planetary energy balance; radiative feedbacks are
changes induced by climate change. Forcings can arise from either natural or anthropogenic causes. For
example, the concentration of sulfate aerosols in the atmosphere can be altered by volcanic action or by
the burning of fossil fuels. The distinction between forcings and feedbacks is sometimes arbitrary;
however, forcings are quantities normally specified in global climate model simulations, while feedbacks
are calculated quantities. Examples of radiative forcings are greenhouse gases (such as carbon dioxide
and ozone), aerosols in the troposphere, and surface reflectivity. Radiative feedbacks include clouds,
water vapor in the troposphere, and sea-ice cover. The effects of forcings and feedbacks on climate are
complex. For example, clouds trap outgoing radiation, thus providing a warming influence, while also
reflecting incoming solar radiation and, thereby, providing a cooling influence. Current measurements
indicate that the net effect of clouds is to cool the earth. However, scientists are unsure if the balance will
shift in the future as the atmosphere and cloud formation are altered by the accumulation of greenhouse
gases. Similarly, the vertical distribution of ozone affects both the amount of radiation reaching the earth's
surface and the amount of reradiated radiation that is trapped by the greenhouse effect. These two
mechanisms affect the earth's temperature in opposite directions.
According to the passage, radiative forcings and radiative feedbacks can generally be distinguished from
each other by

A) the altitude at which the radiative change occurs
B) the precision with which the amounts of radiative change can be determined
C) whether the radiative change is directed toward or away from the earth
D) whether the amount of radiative change is specified or calculated
E) whether the radiative change is global or more localized

5. "Old woman," grumbled the burly white man who had just heard Sojourner Truth speak, "do you think your
talk about slavery does any good? I don't care any more for your talk than I do for the bite of a flea." The
tall, imposing black woman turned her piercing eyes on him. "Perhaps not," she answered, "but I'll keep
you scratching." The little incident of the 1840s sums up all that Sojourner Truth was: utterly dedicated to
spreading her message, afraid of no one, forceful and witty in speech. Yet forty years earlier, who could
have suspected that a spindly slave girl growing up in a damp cellar in upstate New York would become
one of the most remarkable women in American history? Her name then was Isabella (many slaves had
no last names), and by the time she was fourteen she had seen both parents die of cold and hunger. She
herself had been sold several times. By 1827, when New York freed its slaves, she had married and
borne five children. The first hint of Isabella's fighting spirit came soon afterwards, when her youngest son
was illegally seized and sold. She marched to the courthouse and badgered officials until her son was
returned to her. In 1843, inspired by religion, she changed her name to Sojourner (meaning "one who
stays briefly") Truth, and, with only pennies in her purse, set out to preach against slavery. From New
England to Minnesota she trekked, gaining a reputation for her plain but powerful and moving words.
Incredibly, despite being black and female (only white males were expected to be public speakers), she
drew thousands to town halls, tents, and churches to hear her powerful, deep-voiced pleas on equality for
blacks-and for women. Often she had to face threatening hoodlums. Once she stood before armed bullies
and sang a hymn to them. Awed by her courage and her commanding presence, they sheepishly
retreated. During the Civil War she cared for homeless ex-slaves in Washington. President Lincoln invited
her to the White House to bestow praise on her. Later, she petitioned Congress to help former slaves get
land in the West. Even in her old age, she forced the city of Washington to integrate its trolley cars so that
black and white could ride together. Shortly before her death at eighty-six, she was asked what kept her
going. "I think of the great things," replied Sojourner.
Sojourner Truth was raised in a damp cellar in-

A) New Jersey
B) Idaho
C) Georgia
D) New York
E) Maryland

質問と回答：